A | 高油价、购车补贴和平价车型正在推动欧洲消费者加快转向电动车。 KYIV, Ukraine -- Russia appears to be suffering severe losses as it wages its new offensive in eastern Ukraine, amid some of the bloodiest fighting in months, according to Ukrainian officials and independent analysts.Russia has thrown thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles into the offensive, which is focused mainly on the strategic city of Avdiivka and further north near the city of Kupiansk. Russian forces for roughly two weeks have been trying to encircle Avdiivka, which is one of the most heavily fortified areas of Ukraine's frontline.Ukrainian officials on Sunday claimed Russia had lost over 6,000 soldiers in a week, as well as over 400 armored vehicles and tanks. Britain's defense intelligence claimed Russian casualties have spiked by 90% since it began the offensive.ABC cannot independently verify those numbers, but numerous videos of the Russian attacks around Avdiivka released by Ukrainian units suggest Russia is taking losses on a scale not since last winter.Some of the videos show columns of Russian armor coming under withering Ukrainian fire as they try to advance, pummelled by artillery and anti-tank missiles, and running into minefields. In other videos, Russian forces can be seen being barraged by U.S.-supplied cluster munitions. Large groups of Russian infantry can be seen being struck by artillery.Open source analysts watching the videos have counted dozens of Russian vehicles destroyed and damaged.Ukraine does not publish its own casualties, but Ukrainian officials have acknowledged they are also large.So far Russian forces have made little progress, only advancing a few hundred meters, near Avdiivka, according to both Ukrainian and Russian accounts.But despite the losses, Russia is continuing its efforts to encircle Avdiivka. The Washington, D.C.-based Institute for the Study of War on Sunday assessed Russia was moving more troops up to continue the attack."Russian forces are funneling additional forces to the Avdiivka front despite ongoing challenges with frontal mechanized assaults and the failure of a renewed push on October 19-20," the ISW wrote in its daily update on the war.Ukrainian officials have said they believe the determined Russian effort to seize Avdiivka is motivated by the Kremlin's desire to claim a significant victory ahead of Russia's presidential elections next year."It appears that Russian forces are continuing to use ineffective and costly tactics in offensive efforts near Avdiivka leading to high personnel and vehicle losses, and that they have continuously done so in several waves of attacks over the past week suggests that the Russian military command is prioritizing this axis, despite continued and growing losses," the ISW wrote in an earlier assessment on Saturday.Some Russian pro-war military bloggers have criticised how the operation has been handled and the decision to attack the most heavily fortified area of Ukraine's line, given the small progress so far.Analysts, however, have warned that despite the catastrophic losses, Russia may still be able to encircle Avdiivka and that it still has sizeable reserves in the area.Vitaliy Barabash, the head of Avdiivka's Ukrainian military administration, on Monday said Russian forces were attempting to cut the only road leading to the city, which would isolate the Ukrainian forces defending it."Logistics are very difficult. Twenty two kilometers to the city are constantly under fire, both during the day and at night. It greatly complicates both evacuation and bringing in humanitarian aid. Any logistics is all through one road. Of course, the enemy is trying to cut it," Barabash said in a live interview with RFE/RL.He also said that 1,601 civilians still in Avdiivka did not want to leave.Ukraine is also still on the offensive. In the past week, an unusually large force from two elite Ukrainian Marine brigades landed on the Russian-occupied eastern bank of the Dneipr river in the Kherson region. The Ukrainian units have advanced into at least two villages there and are digging in, according to Russian military bloggers.The scale of the operation is still very unclear, but it appears Ukraine may be attempting to establish a bridgehead there that if successful could create a possibility for it to move larger forces across for a bigger attack, potentially opening a new front in its counteroffensive. For now, most analysts assess the size of the Ukrainian force operating on the eastern bank is still small.Ukrainian forces are also continuing to attack on the main axis of the counteroffensive in the southern Zaporizhzhia region and around the city of Bakhmut, reportedly making small advances.。 欧洲电动汽车协会（E-Mobility Europe）和行业研究机构New Automotive数据显示，7月，覆盖欧盟及欧洲自由贸易联盟九成以上汽车销量的16个市场，纯电动汽车注册量同比增长13%，占新车销量的25.7%。 今年上半年，欧盟电动车销量同比增长40.5%，超过120万辆，占新车总销量的20.7%。自2月美国和以色列与伊朗爆发战争并推高燃油价格以来，欧洲消费者对电动车的关注度持续上升。行业关注焦点已经转向油价回落后需求能否延续。 高油价与平价车型带动需求 法国汽车制造商雷诺（Renault）英国公司董事总经理Adam Wood表示，消费者希望降低燃油价格波动带来的影响，电动车就成为了不错的选择。两年前，电动车仅占雷诺英国销量的10%；今年7月，这一比例在公司销量中已超过50%。
B | 七月，雷诺5成为英国最畅销的电动车。雷诺还计划于今年晚些时候推出电动版Twingo，起售价低于2万英镑，雷诺希望该车型能够纳入英国政府补贴范围。 消费者的使用成本也在影响购车选择。
C | 一名英国车主表示，她在家为刚购买的雷诺Megane电动车充电，费用略高于1英镑/次，此前使用燃油车时的加油费用为60英镑。 补贴加快转型充电短板仍存 法国面向低收入人群的电动车“社会租赁”补贴计划已经启动。
D | 今年前7个月，电动车占法国新车销量的29%；7月单月占比达到创纪录的35%，去年同期为17%。 美国市场走势不同。特朗普政府去年取消联邦电动车税收优惠后，美国第二季度电动车销量较第一季度增长约15%，较去年同期下降逾20%。美国汽车数据公司考克斯汽车（Cox Automotive）预计，今年美国电动车销量将同比下降23%，市场份额降至6.2%。 公共充电设施不足仍是欧洲电动车销量继续增长的一项障碍。 汽车咨询公司AutoAnalysis的Ian Henry表示，欧洲有数以百万计的居民住在公寓中，缺少便利的充电条件。市场可能正在接近阶段性饱和，一部分消费者有意购买电动车，现实条件难以满足这一需求。
（文章来源：财联社）。
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